FAO Quotables

"But being right, even morally right, isn't everything. It is also important to be competent, to be consistent, and to be knowledgeable. It's important for your soldiers and diplomats to speak the language of the people you want to influence. It's important to understand the ethnic and tribal divisions of the place you hope to assist."
-Anne Applebaum

Sunday, January 28, 2024

Brazil Articles (Resources)

  1. The Association of Diplomatic Studies and Training website is the #1 resource I recommend most often to new Foreign Area Officers and one which I highlight in my article: So You've Got Orders, Now Read This Poem hosted at the excellent Africa OSC page.  Most notable are the country readers they have which consist of a chronological series of interviews with various embassy personnel from ambassadors to attaches to public affairs officers to management officers to GSOs.  These are an amazing supplement to studies of a country history as it offers a glimpse into our foreign policy/diplomatic posture at various points in time.   https://adst.org/Readers/Brazil.pdf  












The website also features podcasts and other articles such as the ones highlighted below. 

2. University of Chicago Revista Vaeranda Program

Academic department with a collection of public essays and experiences that capture a broad span of society, arts and government--such as this short essay: Revolution, not Transition: The Collapse of the Brazilian Military Regime

3. Brasilian Whatsapp Slang (my list)

https://vimeo.com/ondemand/brasilialifeafterdesign/282996878?autoplay=1 

4. In-Betweens of the Forest

Environmental activist, journalist, and National Book Award finalist Eliane Brum considers how governments and corporations destroy the Amazon and disrupt the under-recognized populations who live there, in this excerpt from Banzeiro Òkòtó.




Related Brazil Posts:

The Brazil Starter Pack (Book Recs)

If you are going to read only one book on Brazil read this one: Brazil: A Biography.  It's the one that's been most recommended to me.  Yes, it's massive--the audible version is nearly 29 hours long--but the native Brazilian author team offer a comprehensive and clearly written account that spans from "first contact" between the European invaders ("discoverers") up to the transition from military dictatorship in the 80s.  One of the authors, Lilia Schwarcz was inducted into the Academia Brasileira de Letras earlier in 2024, becoming only the 11th woman to join the esteemed literary institution since it was founded in 1897.

The Collector of Leftover Souls: Field Notes on Brazil's Everyday Insurrections.  This book is a collection of essays by reporter Eliane Brum.  In it she sheds light on different facets of Brasilian society normally buried in darkness: Os povos indígenas, minorias sociais, os povos que vivem à margem da sociedade, longe dos núcleos de poder.  Essential Brasil read.











Brazillionaires (Audible).  Incredible Michael Lewis-style tale of the rise of the 21st century rise (and fall for some) of a billionaire class in Brazil told against the backdrop of corruption, favelas, soccer stadiums, kidnappings and Miami real estate.  Essential Brasil read.











Dancing with the Devil in the City of God: Rio de Janeiro and the Olympic Dream (Brazil book).  Prodigal daughter/Journalist Julianna Barbassa returns to her home city after a childhood spent largely abroad.  Part memoir, part expose, part investigative journalism that covers the national and city politician's ill considered efforts to prepare the city and populace to host the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics. Her thorough reporting brings the reader behind the fabric of Brazilian government and societal machinations, triumphs, and dysfunction. 

xvi-xvii:    The Lula story: rise from poverty in the Nordeste, shining shoes as a child, selling peanuts in the street, then a steelworker and union leader.  A rise above previously entrenched societal hierarchies--founded the Workers' Party.  Ran for President three times and lost prior to 2002.  But then with a reformed and more business friendly he image he won twice. He played the pivotal role in winning the 2016 Olympic bid for Brazil. 

xviii:         Rio as the cidade maravilhosa, the heart of Brazil
xxii:         "God is Brazilian" is a common refrain for Brasileiros to describe good fortune in their country
xxii:        para Ingles ver is an Brazilian expression to describe a facade meant to pull the wool over western eyes.  First used when they signed a international treaty to abolish slavery but kept doing it anyways.  
9:            Escape by helicopter of  Jose Carlos dos Reis Encina aka Escadihna aka Little Ladder, the founder of Commando Vermelho
13:            UPPS (Unidades da Policia Pacificadora) Permanent police bases inside the favelas
15-20:      The history of the Vermelho Commando  
21:            Rio as the cidade partida divided between the morro and the asfalta


Essential Brasil read.











The Invisibles (Brazil book).  Came across this book on a colleague's bookshelf and he kindly let me borrow it.  I liked it so much that I ordered a copy of my own!  A British woman and a Brazilian man fall in love in the 70's and have a child.  Unfortunately, he falls on hard times and ends up jailed under the military dictatorship.  His wife and child flee to England and never return believing him dead...until some 30 years later when a news clip give his son hope his father might still be alive in Rio.  Thus begins a journey for one man's father but also his long lost country--all against the backdrop of a class/tranche of society that often feels invisible--hence the name.   Brasil read.











Related Brazil Posts:





Friday, January 26, 2024

Brazil YouTube Channels

Youtube Channels

 Speaking Brasilian Language School with Virginia

 

Brasilian Maithe



SpencerSabe

Mundo Sem Fim (Brazil Playlist)

Chris Gringo


Porta Dos Fundos
(this Office style show has some entertaining clips like the one below--also check out the "Brasileiro Tourista" clip)

Paul Cabannes
French stand up comedian that lives and does standup in Portguese--some hilarious bits.


Brazil Podcasts

This blog has long been a repository for sharing information on working as a foreign area officer in embassies and particularly, in Africa.  With my next assignment to Brazil, I've pivoted to focus on that country and am using these posts to organize my research as I prepare myself.  My hope is that this will help others who come behind me.

Here's a link to my post on Brazilian Portuguese youtoube channels: Brazilian Portuguese YouTube Channels

Recommended Podcasts: 

In English:

Explaining Brasil is a phenomenal podcast to hear from native academic experts on current and historical events in Brazil.  It's fun by The Brazilian Report which is an independent media company that publishes journalism in English by Brasilians.

Brazil Unfiltered is hosted by James N. Green, Professor of Brazilian History and Culture at Brown University and the National Co-Coordinator of the U.S. Network for Democracy in Brazil. It's part of the Democracy Observatory, supported by the Washington Brazil Office. While the name WBO sounds like its something funded by the US Government, this is actually a independent think tank-type organization.  The podcast itself is edited and produced by Camilo Rocha in São Paulo.

Americas 360 is produced by the Woodrow Wilson Center and while it's not focused exclusively on Brazil it's a good resource for policy oriented discussions on the western hemisphere.  It has put out about 52 episodes to date (about one every month).  The Wilson Center also has a "Brazil Institute

The Wilson Center's 'Brazil Institute' podcast stated in 2020 and has released about a dozen episodes over the last few years.  

The Brazilian Hour is a podcast run out of the Cultural Affairs team at the Brazilian consulate in L.A. It's sponsored by the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs ("Itamaraty") and focuses on conversations with different Brasilian musicians.  

Brazuca Sounds is a superb podcast for music lovers--it's about "Brazilian music of all styles, decades, and genres hosted by Leandro Vignoli."

Em Portuguese:

Carioca Connection features conversations  between a native speaker from Rio (hence the podcast name) and an American learning Portuguese.    
Fala Gringo is a show in easy Brazilian Portuguese to intermediate learners.  Spotify has a beta setting that will scroll closed captions while you listen which is super helpful for those studying Portuguese com mim!
    

Cafe de Manha



Coffee Break Portuguese
is a basic one but a great thing to listen to in the car with your crianças  while you are waiting to move to/travel to Brazil!
 
 Resumao Diario is a news cast for daily news.  
Boletim Folha is a news podcast for daily news 


Monday, January 9, 2023

Read "The Fortune Men" to Lives as a Somali in 1950s England (Somalia)

Key Quotes:

Naf yahay orod oo, arligi qabo oo, halkii aad ku ogeyd, ka soo eeg. Oh soul, go run to your homeland and look for it where you knew it. —Ahmed Ismail Hussein, “Hudeidi,” written in detention in French Somaliland,

Remember the green glow of phosphorous, on a bow waved warm tropic night, the wonderful wild roaring forties, when you fought the storm at its height. The scent of the spices off Java, a frigate birds cry to the moon, the sound of the anchor chain surging, when we stayed in that crystal lagoon. No requiem plays at your passing, no friend there to bid you goodbye, who knows that the sea birds are grieving, and perhaps a fool such as I.

Harry “Shipmate” Cooke, excerpt from “The Last Tramp Steamer”

the centre of both of their worlds—four feet five of undiluted hope and promise.

Berlin has low expectations and a worldly acceptance of even the greatest tragedies.

“She uses words like arrows.” “Poetry is war, what else you expect?”

The story she knows well enough from the Torah: sacrifice of a child as small and innocent as them. Isaac’s throat reddened by the blade but miraculously not cut; his silence in Abraham’s arms as, weeping but steadfast, the prophet obeyed God’s command; the ram then sent down at the last moment to replace Isaac and deliver God’s mercy. Both the trial and deliverance celebrated. Diana knows the Muslims tell it a little differently.

“You are the best thing God ever gave me, you and these three boys. I would steal the stars out of the sky for you.”

Mahmood hadn’t really sent any money to Haji Ali, but he had intended to, still intended to, and liked the idea of being the kind of man who did things like that. A just outlaw.

There Will Always Be A Tiger Bay. “Bloody right there will,” she thought. In London, the past year, she had seen There Will Always Be An England scrawled everywhere: on the ruins of bombed-out homes in Victoria, on the plinth of Nelson’s Column in Trafalgar Square, on the grey stones of Waterloo Bridge. It was a kind of talisman, a prayer, and it worked, she never entertained the notion that they might lose the war.

The macalim taught Mahmood that becoming a man was like turning wood into charcoal: a process of destruction until something pure and fiercely incandescent emerged. Tears softened the soul while pain toughened it.

the unmistakable war poetry of the Dervish.

Wasn’t it against the very spirit of Islam to cold-bloodedly kill a man when there was still some chance of peace and restitution?

They consider Somalis wild because every man is his own master, but they forget we have one powerful master, Al-Rab, Al-Raheem. We need only our land, Allah will be our sustenance for everything else. If, as it seemed, it was true that the British hated their lives in Somaliland, it would go some way in explaining just how quickly they abandoned the protectorate in ’41, when the Italians invaded from their colony in the south

That’s how they met and how Mahmood fell in love with Berlin. A love platonic and pure, for sure, but weighted by the close scrutiny the boy put the man under. His bearing, his ideas, his silences, his insults, his desires, his hates, Mahmood would have scribbled them all down if he could write, but instead he memorized them and brought them home like birds caught in his snare.

Dualleh the Communist is in London, meeting with his comrade Sylvia Pankhurst. She’s been invited by Haile Selassie to live in Addis Ababa.”

They grew up in a world where the truth was something you needed shielding from.

this steel whale crashing through the waves, had electricity, telephones, lifts, smokeless cookers, flushing toilets, and levers and dials everywhere that did mysterious things. White man magic. It was as if Europeans had remade the world, and they only had to stretch out their hands to bring before them all the wonders of the world.

No way to put out the fire but to burn it!” Those were words to live by.

In Hargeisa, where sunset meant genuine darkness, you could track the slow movement of stars and planets, glittering and pulling you up into a depthless, shifting sea with its coastline of purple, indigo and black stretches. God reminds you through those night skies of how small and insignificant you are, and he speaks to you clearly, his anger and solace tangible in the rain he sends or withholds, the births or deaths he orders, the long, waxy grass he gives or dead, broken earth he carves. The miasma above the prison, above Cardiff, suffocated Mahmood’s faith and separated him from God.

It’s not that Mahmood believes himself important, the past few months have torn away that illusion, but he is extraordinary, his life has been extraordinary. The things he has got away with, the things he has been punished for, the things he has seen, the way that it had once seemed possible for him to bend, with great force, everything to his will. His life was, is, one long film with mobsof extras and exotic, expensive sets. Long reams of film and miles of dialogue extending back as he struts from one scene to another. He can imagine how his movie looks even now: the camera zooming in from above on to the cobblestone prison yard and then merging into a close-up of his thoughtful, upturned face, smoke billowing out from the corner of his dark lips. A colour film, it must be that. It has everything: comedy, music, dance, travel, murder, the wrong man caught, a crooked trial, a race against time and then the happy ending, the wife swept up in the hero’s arms as he walks out, one sun-filled day, to freedom. The image stretches Mahmood’s mouth into a smile.

They will hear that he was a nomad, a chancer, a fighter, a rebel, but not from him, and therefore they will know the price of being all that, the potion and the poison taken together.

“Is it quick?” Mahmood is back in bed, facing the brick wall, taken over by a bone-deep tiredness. “What’s that?” Perkins replies, cracking his stiff spine. “The hanging.” Silence. “Yes,” Wilkinson says finally. “How long it take to die?” “You are out immediately.” “You sure?” “Absolutely.” “Good,” Mahmood says, closing his eyes.

“They want to…to hang me…on my eldest boy’s birthday.”

“And what does a martyr receive?” Mahmood asks, playing teacher. “Jannat ul-Firdaws.” “Yes. The highest paradise.

I have learnt how small and fragile this life is, and how everything in this world, this duniya, is a mirage that evaporates before the eyes. I have tasted the bitterness of injustice. Have you, Sheikh?” Al-Hakimi shakes his head, his pale brown eyes fixed on Mahmood’s mouth. “It’s like swallowing poison.”

He sits in the small bath—his body white apart from some flashes of his real skin—and asks himself what life would have been like if he had been born with skin this white.

Somalis have got the right idea, you wrong someone and you’re forced to look over your shoulder for the rest of your life unless you make amends. You deal with each other face to face. Only cowards live by prisons and cold hangings.”

The wrongful conviction and execution of Mahmood Mattan became the first miscarriage of justice ever rectified by a British court, but the harm it had caused to his family could never be undone.

Monday, February 1, 2021

Read Lion Mountain to See Worlds Collide (Tunisia)



       Lion Mountain
is a 
                                                                                                               novel of collisions  
                                     physical and spiritual,                                      

emotional and political 

urban and rural

French and Tunisian

dictators and villagers

mother and son

Ancient dirt and modernity

Religion and government


Bullets and flesh

Land and soul.


In the story, famed Tunisian author Mustapha Tlili paints a secluded village modeled on Feriana, the home of his youth. It’s an ancient place lost amidst the desert steppes but which has persisted through the centuries--sheltered always under the shoulder of Lion Mountain. He describes “a geography more than physical or human: sacred...In this mystical topography, landmarks determining the rights of each and every individual were perfectly clear.” The diviner of this sacred geography is the equally ancient Horia, a widow, a mother of two sons, a fierce defender who bears all of life’s adversity with a stoicism that is seemingly unbreakable. A woman who daily sees “the horizon of Lion Mountain...and what she admires is undoubtedly pride itself, eternity, even though in Horia’s heart and mind, there is but one name for eternity: God.”


Practically, the story takes the reader from the battlefields of World War II, to continued French rule, to Tunisia’s eventual freedom. It’s noteworthy, though, that for the villagers, freedom means little. If anything, the arrival of political freedom comes as an invasion of their own personal freedom as the villagers are pressured to pledge allegiance to “the party.” The arrival of the outside world sets the novel on a tragic arc as the forces of modernity smother the spiritual life from Horia and her household.
In Lion Mountain, Tlili has penned a tragic requiem for a world that is outwardly modernizing but inwardly decaying, casting out its true believers. As Horia laments in a letter to her son: “You set out in search of wisdom and knowledge; out of sacred duty you have become an exile. Are we not all exiles upon this earth?” This is the question that reflects the author’s own unrooted life as a Tunisan exile of sorts, a French writer, and a career UN bureaucrat who worked in New York City. In Horia’s case, as she refuses to let her sacred geography be ripped apart, we see echoes of the defiance that will become Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution decades later.

*This is of my Reading Around the Continent books--the full list is here.
**See our 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Reading Lists.


Key Quotes:
9 A geography more than physical or human: sacred...In this mystical topography, landmarks determining the rights of each and every individual were perfectly clear.

13 The horizon of Lion Mountain...and what she admires is undoubtedly pride itself, eternity, even though in Horia’s heart and mind, there is but one name for eternity: God.

18 “like the weight of centuries” describing both Horia but also her house. e

80 “Time passes, pain is forgotten, horror is forgotten. Only by remaining silent in the face of horror may we escape it.” This is Horia’s outlook her whole life. This is the opposite of what most society believes about confronting horrors and injustice in life.

134 “All because of that extraordinary ability with which the Lord has endowed him: the ability to forget. To forget. To forgive.” This is Horia’s logic on the only way a human being can enjoy happiness and wisdom.

140 “You set out in search of wisdom and knowledge; out of sacred duty you have become an exile. Are we not all exiles upon this earth? Is not dust our natural abode?” Horia in a letter to her oldest son.

141 “Believe me, nothing brings us distinction in this life, be it here at home or abroad, except our humanity.” Horia to her son as she explains all that matters is how one treats, particularly the weaker ones

Key Notes and Takeaways:
32 Saad’s bravery became legendary when he fought for France but it also became his greatest weakness.

75-6 The key to survival in the village by Lion Mountain has always been an ability to endure hardship, to calibrate their limits. Struggle is just a given fact that exists as central to every villager’s life...all in the shelter of Lion Mountain.

Sunday, December 27, 2020

Kruse's Keys: Read "Call Sign Chaos" for a Leadership Primer

Yes, Call Sign Chaos is a biography of one of the Marine Corps’ more storied and legendary generals, but it’s also a primer on leadership, and a first person account of the wars America fought in Iraq and Afghanistan. In it we see the rise and development of a man who became both a student of history and of those who followed him. A voracious reader with legendary (and prized) reading lists, he acknowledges that only an aide earlier in his career had read more than him (then 1st Lieutenant Warren Cook--now LtCol Cook). He notes that the importance of reading history is that it gives a leader some margin: “Living in history builds your own shock absorber, because you’ll learn that there are lots of old solutions to new problems.” With this shock absorber a leader realizes they don’t need to come up with every solution on their own. Mattis is more direct in some of his closing reflections: “If you haven’t read hundreds of books, learning from others who went before you, you are functionally illiterate--you can’t coach and you can’t lead.” And for Mattis, everything boils down to developing leaders because that is how one accomplishes the mission of defeating the enemy and doing everything you can to keep your Marines alive. So here I'll offer you (spoiler alert) Mattis’ leadership philosophy distilled to its essence.

Have a bias for action. Set the tempo for that action and reward those who meet that tempo or exceed it. Speed is king because time can’t be recovered once it’s lost. Reward the initiative of those under you--even when they fail.

I’d encourage you to read through my key quotes and takeaways below for many more lessons. But I’ll close here by discussion one of the great Mattis quotes:

“Powerpoint is the scourge of critical thinking.” 

He notes that powerpoint is only good for displaying data and I'd argue most military service members would agree. The very first admiral I ever worked for was also one of the best leaders that I worked for (as a reservist airline pilot, he also had the best hair and mustache in the Pentagon--can one have a "grooming mentor") and he demonstrated the truth of Mattis' assertion whenever he would speak to audiences. His powerpoint’s rarely ever had more than a few words. Instead, his powerpoints would contain pictures or a few maps. He’d use those illustrations to tell a story and lay out his argument or point. This method would force the listeners to stay engaged, take some notes, and not just mentally check out (knowing that they could just refer to the powerpoint slides later). We need leaders to embrace this truth and use their presentations to create narratives that tell a story that cogently lays out the problem at hand so that solutions can be discovered and developed. 

See our 202020192018201720162015 and 2014 Reading Lists. 

Key Quotes

88 “Note to all executives over the age of thirty: always keep close to you youngsters who are smarter than you.

92 “Any general who isn’t spiritually connected to his troops is not a combat leader.”

96 “To expect success every time is wishful thinking, but we should default to supporting commanders who move boldly against the enemy...initiative and audacity must be supported, whether or not successful.”

102 “Never think you’re impotent. Choose how you respond.” Mattis when faced with adversity or impossible situations.

124 “Great nations don’t get angry; military action should be undertaken only to achieve strategic effects.” Mattis’ considerations prior to orders to attack into Fallujah.

132 “I come in peace. I didn’t bring artillery. But I’m pleading with you, with tears in my eyes: If you fuck with me, I’ll kill you all.” Mattis during continuations with sheikhs.

141 “If there’s something you don’t want people to see, you ought to reconsider what you’re doing. The most compelling story for us should be the naked truth about the reality of our operations.” Mattis on openness with media.

144 “Be polite, be professional--but have a plan to kill everyone you meet.” Mattis’ direction to his grunts as he charges them to thread the line and act ethically while being prepared to act lethally when shot at.

150 “Intuition is nothing more and nothing less than recognition.” Mattis picked this up from chess matches and then wanted to teach his squad leaders how to pick up subtle cues in the same way in combat situations. So he started to use tactical simulators and a dedicated training program to go along with it. Despite aviation using simulators to great effect, this had never been done for infantry which shoulders the buk of the fatalities.

156 “Without credible military force, our diplomacy is toothless.”

156 “Operations occur at the speed of trust.” “Make your intent clear, and then encourage your subordinates to employ a bias for action.”

159 “Attitudes are caught, not taught.” An important tenet of successful leadership is maintaining morale amidst adversity.

177 “There is only one thing worse than fighting with allies, and that is fighting without them.” attributed to Winston Churchill but Mattis uses it in discussing the value of NATO.

182 “Powerpoint is the scourge of critical thinking.” It’s only good use is for displaying data.

212 “If a democracy does not trust its troops, then it shouldn’t go to war.” Mattis in pushing for better rules of engagement which would be “reflexive, not reflective, so that troops can react swiftly and legitimately when time is of the essence.”

237 “Living in history builds your own shock absorber, because you’ll learn that there are lots of old solutions to new problems.”

237 “If you haven’t read hundreds of books, learning from others who went before you, you are functionally illiterate--you can’t coach and you can’t lead.”

Key Takeaways

46 Origin of Mattis’ call sign came from then LtCol John Toolan, who wrote CHAOS on the chalkboard and asked Mattis when he came in the room: “Does the Colonel Have Another Outstanding Solution.”

84 He acknowledges that he comes up with very few new ideas but that he takes the opportunity to integrate and learn from the lessons of others.

87-8 Without the creation and stoking of “vicious harmony” on the battlefield, one’s leadership is outdated and incomplete. This type of harmony requires coordination and most importantly TRUST across all sectors (military, diplomacy, service etc.)

88 Aide 1st LT Warren Cook comes up with the idea for the “mother of all sand tables” to rehearse the invasion of Iraq with the different combat leaders wearing colored and unit-labeled jersey to walk through the invasion of Iraq. Important here is that Mattis created an environment where his aide felt comfortable interrupting to offer a solution and that Mattis didn’t just blow him off. https://www.hoover.org/news/nsaf-profile-us-marine-corps-lt-colonel-warren-cook

90 his success in initial Iraq invasion was getting “inside the enemy’s OODA loop”--that is “not giving the enemy time to react and repeating the loop faster than they could.

101 Digital technology and instant communication don’t necessarily clear the fog of war--if the information is incorrect or incomplete to start with, then its instantaneous communication can make matters infinitely worse.

132 When faced with subpar guidance from headquarters or higher, you must suppress your frustration and deal with the situation at hand.

133 Mattis division lost 18 marines because the theater and national command’s couldn’t get their act together and tell them what to do...only what not to do.

143 Crazy story about this meeting he had with Junabi, head of the “moderate” Mujahideen Council. This was a man who had tried to kill him months earlier. If it had gone the wrong way, he was ready to kill Junabi.

146 Mattis takes issue with the notion of the mission being to “bring all my men home safely.” Instead he said it must be to “defeat the enemy” and do everything to keep your marines alive.

156 Military’s Achilles’ heel is overconfidence in uninterrupted communications. We need to consider and learn how to continue the fight when our networks fail. This hearkened back to the idea of commander’s intent which Admiral Nelson encapsulated perfectly before the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805: “In case signals can neither be seen nor perfectly understood, no captain can do very wrong if he places his ship alongside that of the enemy.”

173 NATO transformation was stymied by a process-driven culture that lacked energy and which didn’t value initiative.

182 Powerpoint can only display data--it does nothing to enhance critical thinking. Instead we need our leaders to create a narrative that tells a story that cogently lays out the problem at hand so that solutions can be discovered and developed.

202 Sought to emulate George Washington’s brand of leadership which prompted him to

235 I’ll caveat my observations here by noting that the below wasn’t the point of Mattis’ section on “Lethality as the Metric”...it was only a glancing comment he made--but it still bothered me. The only fault that I found came in his reflections chapter where he asserts that our military is all about teamwork. That assertion would actually make a good question to pose to service members periodically: Is the military all about teamwork? I guess the first step would be to come up with the military’s accepted definition of teamwork. I hung up on this assertion because I believe it’s one of those broad statements that is too often unchallenged and simply accepted--as in, the military is a hierarchical organization with strong leaders therefore it’s a teamwork-based organization. There may be communities or units that are teamwork-centric, or teamwork-obsessed but certainly not the entire military. The second fault that I find comes in his next sentence: “Everyone enters the military at junior rank and rises according to merit.” Certainly, the first phrase is accurate as that is the current baseline--we all start at the bottom (although there are, of course, varying degrees of bottom) but does everyone rise according to merit? I mean, that is the general idea with our promotion system and that is generally how it happens but I think it’s worthwhile to return to the basic definitions. Word matter. So what does “merit” mean within the military promotion system? Because in reality, servicemembers rise according to a multitude of factors: merit, timing, time-in-rank, class rank, lineal number, personality conflicts with commanding officers, good commanding officers, horrible commanding officers. Purely anecdotally, given how quickly veterans rise within civilian organizations after their military service, it would seem that those organizations are more merit-based than the U.S. military.

238 Mattis’ leadership philosophy distilled to its essence is this: Have a bias for action. Set the tempo for that action and reward those who meet that tempo or exceed it. Speed is king because time can’t be recovered once it’s lost. Reward the initiative of those under you--even when they fail.

242 You want those under your leadership to think the following at all times: “What do I know? Who needs to know? Have I told them?”