BONUS LINK: My entire (so far) grad school notes collection can be found here.
Origins of Islam Notes
- Koran was written in its entirety during Prophet’s time
- Hadith: statements attributed to the Prophet
- Sura = chapter
- Revelation occurred during 23 year span: 13 years in
mecca; last 10 years (medina era) in Hadija? Laws were revealed during this
time period.
The distinction between scholar and student looms large in
Islam.
- 622 AD defining moment of Islam (Islamic Year 1 AH After
Hijra or migration from Mecca (Makka) to Madina—formerly called Yehtrib—inhabitants
changed it to the city of the Prophet which was then shortened to just Madina)
* Ethos of region at the time was all tribal (with exception
of Makka and Madina) and very warfare-centric/raiding-centric (and placed low
value on women)
- Madina had lots
of water and was an agricultural society (dominated by two warring tribes: Aws
and Khazrag, and Jewish population also coexisted).
*Arabs were pagans at this point
- Makka is a
valley with little water or cultivation and this is where Abraham left
Ishmael. Here there is Kabba as the
first place of worship on earth (a rectangle structure) that predated
Islam. It was a ritualistic
pilgrammage/tourist site (month of pilgrammage is the last month of the Muslim
calendar) where the idols of multiple gods were placed. City was controlled by two families: Banu
Hashim (Muhammed’s family and the custodians of the mosque) and Banu Umayya
(his cousins and the merchants of the city).
*Makka was the market as the halfway point between Yemen and
Sham (Levant).
M started out as
a shepherd and then shifted to working for merchants in that trade. Khadjia was a wealthy older woman (40s) who
hired people to take her goods to sell—she brokered a deal with M to carry her
wares. After a while they marry (he’s
about 20 years younger). This is the
beginning of his rise in society. In the
off-season, when he was 40 (610), he received his first revelation in a
different linguistic form of Arabic—which is catchy and unique. At first this is met with skepticism, but he
slowly gains followers—initially these are the weaker parts of society. Powerful in Makka don’t like what he’s saying
since he’s speaking out against prostitution and usury etc…they don’t want
there to be just one god because it would cut down on the number of
pilgrammages.
NOTE: While most were
pagans, some held an Abrahamic sense of religion—Ahnaf (monetheist)—reflective
and intellectual—this is what M’s family followed. However, it did not have a system of rituals
and beliefs.
One of his first followers was someone named Ali (father of Shias)—he was foster child of M and his cousin. He did this as a favor to his uncle who was
destitute and had helped M out at the beginning (Ali later married M’s daughter
Fatima). Another major follower was Abu
Bakr (one of the first caliphs in the future).
